ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

Which muscle does most of the work of quiet breathing?

1. AThe abdominal muscles
2. BThe sternocleidomastoid
3. CThe diaphragm
4. DThe trapezius

أيّ فئات المرضى هي الأرجح أن يُصابوا باحتشاء عضلة القلب دون ألم الصدر الكلاسيكي؟

1. Aكبار السن والنساء ومرضى السكري
2. Bالمراهقون ومرضى الربو
3. Cالشبان ومن يمارسون الرياضة بانتظام
4. Dالمدخنون ومن لديهم ارتفاع الكوليسترول أو السمنة

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

1. AIt covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing
2. BIt warms and moistens the air on its way into the lungs
3. CIt vibrates to produce the sound of the voice when speaking
4. DIt divides the trachea into two bronchi

When should an adult with cystic fibrosis take pancreatic enzyme capsules?

1. AOnly at bedtime
2. BOnce a day on waking, at least an hour before any food
3. CWith all meals and snacks that contain fat
4. DOnly when they have diarrhoea

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
2. BAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
3. CA clear runny nose
4. DA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. ASacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning
2. BThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
3. CBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
4. DThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change

A 74-year-old man with a known abdominal aortic aneurysm suddenly has severe back and abdominal pain. His heart rate is 128/min and BP 82/50 mmHg. What is the priority?

1. AArrange a routine outpatient ultrasound scan of the aneurysm
2. BGive oral analgesia and reassess the pain in an hour
3. CEncourage him to walk to ease the back pain
4. DCall for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle
2. BContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly
3. CGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate
4. DStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine