ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

What is an embolus?

1. AA narrowing of an artery caused by a build-up of fatty plaque
2. BA bulge in the weakened wall of an artery that may rupture
3. CA clot or other mass that travels in the blood and lodges elsewhere
4. DA clot that stays fixed in the vessel where it first formed

Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?

1. AThe renal artery
2. BThe collecting duct only
3. CThe loop of Henle
4. DThe glomerulus

Which electrolyte do ACE inhibitors commonly raise?

1. APotassium
2. BCalcium
3. CMagnesium
4. DSodium

A patient with bronchiectasis of the right lower lobe is taught postural drainage. How should they be positioned?

1. AWith the affected lobe lowest so it fills with mucus
2. BSitting fully upright at all times
3. CWith the affected lobe uppermost so gravity drains it
4. DFlat on the back with the arms raised

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
2. BIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour
3. CIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid
4. DIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism

A patient with COPD uses an inhaled corticosteroid combination inhaler. Which risk should the nurse be aware of?

1. AAn increased risk of high blood pressure crises
2. BA sharp drop in potassium after each dose
3. CHearing loss after every dose
4. DAn increased risk of pneumonia

A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?

1. A"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
2. B"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."
3. C"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."
4. D"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."

Which method best confirms that an endotracheal tube is in the trachea?

1. AMisting inside the tube
2. BA sustained waveform on capnography
3. CThe patient's skin colour improving
4. DThe chest rising on one side only