ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air
2. BIt moves mucus up towards the throat
3. CIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood
4. DIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open

Which organism is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

1. ACandida albicans
2. BEscherichia coli
3. CClostridioides difficile
4. DStreptococcus pneumoniae

What is Kussmaul breathing?

1. AVery slow, shallow breathing from opioids
2. BNoisy breathing caused by a blocked upper airway
3. CBreathing that alternates between deep breaths and pauses
4. DDeep, rapid breathing in response to metabolic acidosis

Rheumatic heart disease most often follows which infection?

1. AA viral infection of the upper airway
2. BA fungal infection of the lungs
3. CStaphylococcal infection of the skin
4. DA group A streptococcal throat infection

Why is pyridoxine (vitamin B6) often given with isoniazid?

1. ATo prevent gout attacks
2. BTo prevent orange discolouration of urine
3. CTo prevent peripheral neuropathy
4. DTo prevent loss of colour vision

Which ECG pattern is typical of acute pericarditis?

1. AST elevation only in leads II, III and aVF with Q waves
2. BA sawtooth baseline with a regular ventricular rate
3. CWidespread saddle-shaped ST elevation with PR depression
4. DTall peaked T waves with a wide QRS

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is due to start an anti-TNF biologic drug. Which screening is essential beforehand?

1. AScreening for latent tuberculosis
2. BA sweat chloride test
3. CA peak flow diary for a month
4. DAn exercise ECG test on a treadmill

A smoker has severe shoulder and arm pain, a drooping eyelid, a small pupil and reduced sweating on the same side of the face. What should be suspected?

1. AA stroke affecting the brainstem on the opposite side
2. BA tumour at the apex of the lung (Pancoast tumour)
3. CA simple migraine
4. DA frozen shoulder with referred pain to the face