ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. ABlood flowing quickly into the atria
2. BClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
3. CClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
4. DThe heart muscle stretching in diastole

What does the term "hypoxaemia" mean?

1. AA low level of oxygen in the arterial blood
2. BA low level of haemoglobin in the blood
3. CA high level of carbon dioxide in the blood
4. DA fast breathing rate with normal oxygen

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood
2. BIt moves mucus up towards the throat
3. CIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open
4. DIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air

Which ECG pattern is typical of acute pericarditis?

1. ATall peaked T waves with a wide QRS
2. BWidespread saddle-shaped ST elevation with PR depression
3. CST elevation only in leads II, III and aVF with Q waves
4. DA sawtooth baseline with a regular ventricular rate

Why are beta-blockers often started after a myocardial infarction?

1. AThey reduce cholesterol in the blood
2. BThey raise the heart rate to improve blood flow to the muscle
3. CThey lower the heart's oxygen demand and reduce arrhythmias
4. DThey dissolve the clot that is blocking the coronary artery

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator
2. BChest compressions until the rate slows
3. CA large oral dose of digoxin
4. DVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva

A patient with COPD who is known to retain CO₂ arrives on 15 L/min oxygen. They are now drowsy with SpO₂ 99%. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AKeep the oxygen at 15 L/min because the saturation is excellent
2. BRemove the oxygen completely and observe
3. CReduce the oxygen to aim for 88–92% and get a blood gas
4. DGive a sedative to help the patient rest

Which instruction from the registered nurse to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) caring for a patient with COPD is most appropriate?

1. A"Listen to his chest after lunch and let me know what you can hear."
2. B"Teach him how to use his new inhaler this afternoon after his rest."
3. C"Turn his oxygen up to whatever he needs if he looks short of breath."
4. D"Tell me straight away if his SpO₂ is under 88% or he is more breathless."