ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

What is the approximate tidal volume of a resting adult?

1. AAbout 500 mL
2. BAbout 50 mL
3. CAbout 1,5 litres
4. DAbout 5 litres

Drug names ending in "-olol", such as bisoprolol and atenolol, belong to which class?

1. AACE inhibitors
2. BLoop diuretics
3. CCalcium channel blockers
4. DBeta-blockers

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?

1. AThe right ventricle
2. BThe right atrium
3. CThe left ventricle
4. DThe left atrium

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
2. BIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
3. CIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid
4. DIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
2. BAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
3. CAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
4. DDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves

A patient has a prosthetic heart valve. Which teaching best reduces the risk of infective endocarditis?

1. ATake a daily antibiotic tablet indefinitely
2. BAvoid all physical exercise for the rest of their life
3. CKeep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups
4. DAvoid eating dairy products and raw vegetables

A day after a myocardial infarction, a patient has frequent ventricular ectopic beats on the monitor. Which blood results should be checked first?

1. AAmylase and lipase
2. BFerritin and vitamin B₁₂
3. CPotassium and magnesium
4. DAlbumin and bilirubin

A patient with squamous cell lung cancer becomes confused, thirsty and constipated, with abdominal pain. Which electrolyte disturbance is most likely?

1. AHypokalaemia
2. BHypomagnesaemia
3. CHypercalcaemia
4. DHyponatraemia