ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. ADullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds
2. BNormal percussion and bronchial breathing
3. CCoarse crackles that clear on coughing
4. DHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side

Which side effect is particularly linked with spironolactone in men?

1. AOrange-red colouring of the urine
2. BBreast enlargement (gynaecomastia)
3. CA persistent dry, tickly cough
4. DHair loss on the scalp and eyebrows

When is pneumonia classed as hospital-acquired?

1. AOnly when it is caused by a virus
2. BWhen it starts 48 hours or more after admission
3. CWhen the patient had symptoms before admission
4. DWhen it starts within the first hour after admission

How does varenicline help people stop smoking?

1. AIt partly stimulates and partly blocks nicotine receptors
2. BIt makes cigarettes taste of metal so smoking feels unpleasant
3. CIt speeds the clearance of nicotine by the liver
4. DIt replaces nicotine through the skin, like a nicotine patch

Analysis of a pleural effusion shows it is an exudate (high protein and LDH compared with blood). Which cause is most likely?

1. ALiver cirrhosis with a low albumin
2. BHeart failure with raised venous pressure
3. CPneumonia or cancer affecting the pleura
4. DNephrotic syndrome with protein lost in urine

How is a patient usually positioned for a thoracentesis?

1. AProne with the arms by the sides
2. BFlat on the back with the legs raised
3. CSitting upright and leaning forward over a table
4. DLying on the affected side with the head down

A 74-year-old man with a known abdominal aortic aneurysm suddenly has severe back and abdominal pain. His heart rate is 128/min and BP 82/50 mmHg. What is the priority?

1. AEncourage him to walk to ease the back pain
2. BArrange a routine outpatient ultrasound scan of the aneurysm
3. CCall for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery
4. DGive oral analgesia and reassess the pain in an hour

انفصل أنبوب مفجّر صدر المريض عن وحدة التصريف. ماذا ينبغي أن تفعل الممرضة أولًا؟

1. Aتركه مفتوحًا للهواء حتى يصل الطبيب لمراجعته
2. Bإطباق الأنبوب عدة ساعات وإعادة فحص المريض لاحقًا
3. Cنزع المفجّر من الصدر وتغطية الموضع
4. Dإعادة توصيله، أو وضع طرف الأنبوب في ماء معقم، ثم التقييم