ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

Which drug reverses the effect of unfractionated heparin?

1. AFlumazenil
2. BVitamin K (phytomenadione)
3. CNaloxone
4. DProtamine sulfate

What is the pleura?

1. AThe cartilage rings of the trachea
2. BThe tiny air sacs at the ends of the airways where gas exchange happens
3. CA double membrane lining the lungs and the inner chest wall
4. DThe dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen

لماذا ينبغي للمريض أن يتمضمض بعد استخدام كورتيكوستيرويد استنشاقي؟

1. Aلتقليل القلاع الفموي وبحة الصوت
2. Bلمنع الرعشة الناتجة عن الدواء
3. Cلغسل الدواء نزولًا إلى الرئتين
4. Dليعمل الدواء بسرعة أكبر

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
2. BA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
3. CA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
4. DA clear runny nose

A patient has a prosthetic heart valve. Which teaching best reduces the risk of infective endocarditis?

1. AAvoid all physical exercise for the rest of their life
2. BTake a daily antibiotic tablet indefinitely
3. CAvoid eating dairy products and raw vegetables
4. DKeep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
2. BIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour
3. CIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
4. DIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid

بعد ساعة من جراحة القلب، صرّف مفجّر الصدر المنصفي 350 mL من الدم الأحمر القاني ومعدل القلب في ارتفاع. ماذا ينبغي أن تفعل الممرضة؟

1. Aإطباق المفجّر لإيقاف مزيد من فقد الدم
2. Bإبلاغ الفريق الجراحي فورًا
3. Cتسجيل الحجم ومواصلة الفحوص كل ساعة
4. Dعصر الأنبوب بقوة كل خمس دقائق

A nurse finds a patient collapsed in bed and unresponsive. What should the nurse do first?

1. AShout for help, open the airway and check breathing for up to 10 seconds
2. BLeave the patient to fetch a defibrillator before calling anyone
3. CGive two rescue breaths, then check the blood glucose before calling anyone
4. DTake a full set of observations, including temperature and blood glucose