ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: القلب والأوعية والجهاز التنفسي مع الإجابات

What is bronchiectasis?

1. ADestruction of the alveolar walls with air trapping
2. BPermanent widening of the bronchi with chronic sputum
3. CA tumour of the main bronchus
4. DA brief spasm of the airways that fully reverses with treatment

Which side effect of ethambutol should patients report straight away?

1. AA painful, red and swollen big toe joint
2. BBlurred vision or changes in colour vision
3. CNumbness and tingling of the feet and hands
4. DOrange-red colouring of the urine and tears

أين ينبغي إبقاء وحدة تصريف الصدر؟

1. Aمنتصبة وبمستوى كتف المريض
2. Bمنتصبة وأسفل مستوى الصدر
3. Cعلى جنبها تحت السرير لتوفير المساحة
4. Dمعلّقة فوق السرير ليتم التصريف بالشفط

يبدأ مريض الوارفارين بسبب خثار الأوردة العميقة. لماذا يُعطى الهيبارين أو الهيبارين منخفض الوزن الجزيئي أيضًا خلال الأيام الأولى؟

1. Aلأن الهيبارين يحسّن امتصاص الوارفارين
2. Bلأن الهيبارين يحمي من النزف الناتج عن الوارفارين
3. Cلأن الوارفارين يحتاج إلى عدة أيام ليبلغ تأثيره الكامل
4. Dلأن الدواءين يجب أن يستمرا معًا دائمًا مدى الحياة

A patient has chest pain at rest in the early morning with brief ST elevation that resolves. Coronary arteries are later found to be clear. Which condition is most likely?

1. AStable exertional angina from a fixed plaque
2. BAortic stenosis
3. CVasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina
4. DAcute pericarditis

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. ADehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours
2. BFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall
3. CDehydration is the cause of the inherited condition
4. DLow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart

On day 2 after a surgical tracheostomy, the tube falls out. The patient is breathing but distressed. What should the nurse do first?

1. AForce the tube back through the stoma immediately with firm pressure
2. BLeave the patient alone while fetching a new tube
3. CCover the stoma completely with a sealed dressing and wait for help
4. DCall for expert help and give oxygen to both the face and the stoma

An adult inhales a peanut while laughing and now has a persistent cough and wheeze on one side. Where is the peanut most likely to have lodged?

1. AThe nasal cavity
2. BThe right main bronchus
3. CThe oesophagus
4. DThe left main bronchus