ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الجهاز الهضمي وما حول الجراحة والأورام مع الإجابات

What is portal hypertension?

1. AHigh pressure inside the skull
2. BRaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure
3. CRaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver
4. DHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs

What is metastasis?

1. AShrinking of a tumour after treatment
2. BHealing of tissue after a biopsy
3. CSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body
4. DThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body

Which diet is usually advised to help prevent symptoms of diverticular disease?

1. AA low-fibre diet with very little fluid
2. BA diet with no fruit or vegetables
3. CA high-fibre diet with plenty of fluids
4. DA diet based mainly on red meat

لماذا يزداد خطر النزف لدى مرضى التشمع؟

1. Aلأن الكبد المتندب يطلق مواد مضادة للتخثر مثل الهيبارين في الدم
2. Bلأن التشمع يرفع عدد الصفيحات مما يجعلها أضعف
3. Cلقلة عوامل التخثر وانخفاض الصفيحات ودوالي ارتفاع ضغط الباب
4. Dلأن ارتفاع ضغط الدم الشرياني في التشمع يجعل الأوعية تنفجر

Why do patients usually have a dental review before radiotherapy to the head and neck?

1. ATeeth block the radiation beam completely
2. BThe dentist gives the radiotherapy
3. CRadiotherapy can only be given once all the teeth have been removed
4. DIt causes dry mouth and raises the risk of decay and jaw damage

Which drug class is used to reduce the risk of a first variceal bleed in cirrhosis?

1. ACalcium supplements
2. BNon-selective beta-blockers
3. CProton pump inhibitors
4. DThiazide diuretics

A patient with suspected appendicitis says the pain suddenly eased, but an hour later has a temperature of 38,9 °C, a rigid abdomen and a pulse of 118/min. What does this suggest?

1. AA side effect of the analgesia given
2. BSimple constipation that needs a laxative
3. CThe appendicitis has settled by itself
4. DPerforation with peritonitis

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
2. BIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose
3. CIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more
4. DIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high