ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الأعصاب والغدد الصماء والكلى مع الإجابات

Which type of insulin is given intravenously, for example in an insulin infusion?

1. ASoluble (regular) short-acting insulin
2. BIntermediate-acting NPH (isophane) insulin
3. CPremixed biphasic insulin
4. DLong-acting insulin glargine

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. AThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones
2. BThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate
3. CPatients usually drink too much milk
4. DThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys

How is diabetic retinopathy usually picked up early?

1. AA yearly blood test for HbA1c only
2. BChecking the pupils with a torch at every visit
3. CRegular eye screening with retinal photographs
4. DWaiting until the patient notices blurred vision

Why should antiepileptic drugs not be stopped suddenly?

1. AThe drugs build up in the body and become toxic after stopping
2. BStopping them suddenly causes permanent damage to the liver and kidneys
3. CStopping them suddenly causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure
4. DSudden withdrawal can trigger seizures, including status epilepticus

Which measure best detects a decline in breathing in a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. ADaily chest X-rays
2. BRegular forced vital capacity measurements
3. COxygen saturation alone
4. DPeak flow before and after a bronchodilator

Why are tacrolimus blood levels checked regularly?

1. AThe levels show how much urine the kidney is making
2. BThe levels show whether the patient has diabetes
3. CToo high harms the kidney; too low risks rejection
4. DThe drug only works if levels are as high as possible

A patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome has a blood pressure that swings between 80/50 and 190/100 mmHg and a heart rate that changes suddenly. What does this suggest?

1. AAnxiety that will settle with reassurance alone
2. BAutonomic dysfunction, which needs continuous cardiac monitoring
3. CA drug reaction that means all medicines must stop
4. DA faulty blood pressure cuff that should be replaced and the readings ignored

A large pituitary tumour presses on the optic chiasm. Which visual field defect is most typical?

1. ALoss of the inner half of the field in both eyes
2. BLoss of central vision in both eyes
3. CComplete blindness in one eye only
4. DLoss of the outer half of the field in both eyes