ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الأعصاب والغدد الصماء والكلى مع الإجابات

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults
2. BIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
3. CUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia
4. DIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin

What is acromegaly?

1. AToo much cortisol from the adrenal glands
2. BToo much growth hormone in an adult
3. CToo little growth hormone in a child
4. DToo little thyroid hormone in an adult

أيّ نمط تنفس نموذجي للحماض الكيتوني السكري؟

1. Aتنفس بطيء سطحي
2. Bلهاث سريع سطحي مع صفير
3. Cتنفس شاين–ستوكس
4. Dتنفس عميق سريع (كوسماول)

Which action is part of an effective bowel programme after a spinal cord injury?

1. AAvoiding fibre to prevent bloating
2. BUsing strong laxatives only when the bowel has not opened for a week
3. CRestricting fluids to reduce the volume of stool
4. DA routine at the same time each day, often after a meal

أيّ مجموعة نتائج تدعم DKA أكثر من HHS؟

1. Aكيتونات مرتفعة وpH أقل من 7,3 وبيكربونات منخفضة
2. Bغلوكوز فوق 30 mmol/L مع pH طبيعي
3. Cكيتونات طبيعية وبيكربونات طبيعية
4. Dأسمولية مرتفعة جدًا مع أثر ضئيل من الكيتونات في الدم

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
2. BParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
3. CThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
4. DSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs

An adult stares blankly for about a minute, smacks their lips and fumbles with their clothes. Afterwards they are confused for ten minutes and remember nothing. Which seizure type fits best?

1. AAbsence seizure
2. BFocal impaired awareness seizure
3. CAtonic (drop) seizure with a fall
4. DMyoclonic seizure

A patient with SIADH needs IV fluid. Which fluid is most likely to worsen the hyponatraemia?

1. A20% human albumin
2. B8,4% sodium bicarbonate
3. C3% saline
4. D5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)