ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الأعصاب والغدد الصماء والكلى مع الإجابات

Which hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

1. ATSH and ACTH
2. BGrowth hormone and prolactin
3. CInsulin and cortisol
4. DADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin

ما المقصود بالأذية الكلوية الحادة (AKI)؟

1. Aحصى كلوية دون أي تغيّر في الوظيفة
2. Bفقد بطيء ودائم لوظيفة الكلى على مدى سنوات
3. Cعدوى بكتيرية في نسيج الكلية
4. Dانخفاض سريع في وظيفة الكلى خلال ساعات إلى أيام

Which organism causes most urinary tract infections?

1. AStreptococcus pneumoniae
2. BCandida albicans
3. CStaphylococcus aureus
4. DEscherichia coli

A stroke patient with dysphagia has been started on a modified diet. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?

1. AGive fluids through a straw so they flow more slowly
2. BFeed quickly so the patient does not tire during the meal
3. CLay the patient flat straight after meals so they can rest and digest
4. DSit the patient fully upright for meals and for a while afterwards

A patient with myasthenia gravis wants to plan a busy day. Which advice fits the disease?

1. ADo demanding tasks in the morning or when the drug works best
2. BAvoid rest periods, because rest makes the weakness worse
3. CExercise to exhaustion so the muscles get stronger quickly
4. DDo the hardest tasks in the evening when muscles are warmed up

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt lowers the blood glucose to normal
2. BIt raises potassium to protect the heart
3. CIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night
4. DIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss

A nurse teaches the family of a patient on insulin how to manage a severe hypo. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will give the glucagon as I was shown."
2. B"I will put her on her side and call an ambulance straight away."
3. C"When she can swallow, I will give her a snack."
4. D"If she is unconscious, I will pour juice into her mouth."

أُدخل مريض مصاب بقصور الغدة الدرقية فاته الدواء أسابيع وهو في حالة انخفاض حرارة ونعاس، ونبضه 46/min وصوديومه منخفض وPaCO₂ مرتفع. أيّ حالة هي الأرجح؟

1. Aغيبوبة الوذمة المخاطية
2. Bعاصفة درقية
3. Cضربة الحرارة
4. Dأزمة كظرية