ورقة عمل التمريض الباطني الجراحي: الأعصاب والغدد الصماء والكلى مع الإجابات

What is the normal intracranial pressure in a resting adult?

1. AAbout 5–15 mmHg
2. BAbout 20–30 mmHg
3. CAbout 40–60 mmHg
4. DAbout 80–100 mmHg

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. AThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate
2. BThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys
3. CPatients usually drink too much milk
4. DThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones

Which features suggest pyelonephritis rather than simple cystitis?

1. AFever, rigors and pain in the loin
2. BMild burning on passing urine only
3. CUrine that smells slightly stronger
4. DPassing urine more often at night only

Which side effects are common with oxybutynin for an overactive bladder?

1. ADry mouth and constipation
2. BDiarrhoea and heavy sweating
3. CWeight loss and a fast tremor
4. DA cough and a raised potassium

Why is IV calcium gluconate given in severe hyperkalaemia?

1. AIt removes potassium through the kidneys
2. BIt moves potassium into the cells
3. CIt binds potassium in the gut
4. DIt protects the heart from arrhythmias

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. ABulk-forming laxatives
2. BPenicillin antibiotics
3. CProton pump inhibitors
4. DSSRI antidepressants

A patient has had a high sodium of 160 mmol/L for several days. Why must it be corrected slowly?

1. ARapid correction causes kidney stones
2. BRapid correction raises the blood glucose
3. CThe sodium will rise again if corrected quickly
4. DRapid correction can cause brain swelling

The nurse has four neurology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome whose vital capacity is falling
2. BA patient with multiple sclerosis who is tired after physiotherapy
3. CA patient with Parkinson's disease whose next dose is due in one hour
4. DA patient with a headache after a lumbar puncture this morning