ورقة عمل علم الأدوية مع الإجابات

Vitamin D supplements support bone health mainly by:

1. AReplacing collagen in bone
2. BIncreasing calcium absorption from the gut
3. CStimulating osteoclasts to break down bone
4. DIncreasing calcium loss in the urine

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord
2. BThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
3. CThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site
4. DThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord

How do second-generation antihistamines such as cetirizine and loratadine differ from older ones?

1. AThey are given only by injection
2. BThey cause much less drowsiness
3. CThey block H2 receptors in the stomach
4. DThey work only on the skin

After instilling eye drops, why should the patient press gently on the inner corner of the eye for a minute or two?

1. ATo stop the eye from producing tears for about an hour
2. BTo reduce drainage into the nose and absorption into blood
3. CTo make the pupil dilate faster
4. DTo spread the drop evenly over the eyelid

Why is a progestogen added to oestrogen in hormone replacement therapy for a woman who still has her uterus?

1. ATo prevent breast cancer completely
2. BTo protect against endometrial hyperplasia and cancer
3. CTo reduce hot flushes much more than oestrogen alone can
4. DTo lower the risk of blood clots to zero

An Rh-negative mother gives birth to an Rh-positive baby. When is anti-D immunoglobulin usually given?

1. AOnly at the start of the next pregnancy
2. BWithin 72 hours after the birth
3. CIt is not needed if the baby is Rh-positive
4. DAt least two weeks after the birth

Why is vincristine labelled "for intravenous use only – fatal if given by other routes"?

1. AIntramuscular injection causes severe and prolonged hypoglycaemia
2. BSubcutaneous injection makes the drug inactive
3. CAccidental intrathecal injection causes fatal ascending neurotoxicity
4. DOral vincristine causes immediate anaphylaxis

A patient on adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis has a fever and cough on the day of her next injection. What should the nurse advise?

1. AGive the injection, as it will help the fever
2. BStop the drug permanently without telling the prescriber
3. CDouble the next dose to make up for the infection
4. DWithhold the injection and get the infection assessed first