ورقة عمل علم الأدوية مع الإجابات

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo treat an allergic reaction to methotrexate
2. BTo protect normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
3. CTo make methotrexate act faster on the tumour
4. DTo prevent nausea and vomiting after the methotrexate

How long does it usually take for an SSRI to improve mood noticeably?

1. AAbout six months
2. BSeveral weeks
3. COne or two days
4. DA few hours

Why is HIV treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs?

1. ABecause each single drug cures only part of the infection
2. BBecause one drug alone causes no side effects
3. CTo make the treatment shorter, usually a few weeks
4. DTo suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance

Why are benzodiazepines used with great caution in older people?

1. AThey raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures
2. BThey cause severe high blood pressure in older people
3. CThey are not absorbed from the gut after age 65
4. DThey cause permanent hearing loss in older people

A child is starting methylphenidate for ADHD. Which advice is appropriate?

1. AGive the drug only at weekends
2. BGive doses early in the day and monitor appetite and growth
3. CGive the last dose at bedtime to help the child sleep
4. DExpect weight gain as the main side effect

How should a hyoscine (scopolamine) patch for motion sickness be used?

1. ASwallow it if no water is available
2. BApply it to the chest only after the vomiting has started
3. CApply it behind the ear several hours before travel
4. DCut it in half for children without advice

A patient taking furosemide has a serum potassium of 2,9 mmol/L (mEq/L). Which ECG change is typical of this level?

1. ATall, peaked T waves
2. BWidened QRS with a sine-wave pattern
3. CA short QT interval with high R waves
4. DFlattened T waves and prominent U waves

A patient taking sertraline starts St John's wort for low mood. What is the main concern?

1. AA hypertensive crisis from tyramine
2. BSevere low blood pressure from blocked alpha receptors
3. CSerotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
4. DBleeding from vitamin K deficiency