ورقة عمل علم الأدوية مع الإجابات

Amphotericin B is used mainly for:

1. AInfluenza in older people
2. BMild athlete's foot
3. CBacterial urinary tract infections
4. DSerious systemic fungal infections

What does pharmacokinetics describe?

1. AHow the price of a drug is set
2. BHow drugs are manufactured and packaged
3. CWhat the body does to a drug: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
4. DWhat a drug does to the body: its effects, receptors and mechanisms of action

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used mainly to:

1. APrevent blood clots
2. BTreat high blood pressure long term
3. CReduce raised intracranial pressure
4. DRaise serum potassium

Why are benzodiazepines used with great caution in older people?

1. AThey are not absorbed from the gut after age 65
2. BThey cause permanent hearing loss in older people
3. CThey cause severe high blood pressure in older people
4. DThey raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures

Why are many drugs started at lower doses in older adults?

1. AOlder adults absorb no drugs from the stomach
2. BLower doses are cheaper for older patients
3. COlder adults always weigh more than younger adults, so drugs last longer
4. DKidney and liver clearance often decline, and sensitivity to drugs increases

How should a patient take oral alendronate?

1. AWith milk at bedtime, then lying down straight away to aid absorption
2. BWith breakfast and coffee to protect the stomach
3. CWith plain water on an empty stomach, staying upright for 30 minutes
4. DCrushed into yoghurt with calcium supplements

Why is clavulanic acid combined with amoxicillin (co-amoxiclav)?

1. AIt slows the kidney excretion of amoxicillin
2. BIt reduces the risk of penicillin allergy
3. CIt makes amoxicillin cross the blood–brain barrier more easily
4. DIt inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes that would destroy amoxicillin

A patient on lisinopril for hypertension starts taking ibuprofen every day for knee pain. What is the main concern?

1. AWeaker blood pressure control, kidney injury and high potassium
2. BFaster liver metabolism of lisinopril, so it stops working
3. CA higher risk of a dry cough than with lisinopril alone
4. DA large fall in blood pressure, with fainting and falls on standing up