ورقة عمل علم الأدوية مع الإجابات

Which long-term side effect of phenytoin makes good oral hygiene especially important?

1. AExcess saliva production
2. BLoss of taste
3. CBlue-grey discoloration of the teeth and gums
4. DOvergrowth of the gums (gingival hyperplasia)

Dobutamine is mainly used to:

1. ASlow the heart rate in fast atrial fibrillation with low blood pressure
2. BDissolve clots in the coronary arteries
3. CIncrease heart contractility in cardiogenic shock or acute heart failure
4. DTreat high blood pressure at home

Why is HIV treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs?

1. ATo make the treatment shorter, usually a few weeks
2. BBecause one drug alone causes no side effects
3. CTo suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance
4. DBecause each single drug cures only part of the infection

Which rule applies when giving phenytoin intravenously?

1. AMix or flush it only with normal saline and give it slowly
2. BMix it with glucose 5% to prevent low blood sugar
3. CGive it as a rapid push to stop seizures faster
4. DGive it in the same line as other drugs without flushing

A woman taking tamoxifen should report which symptom promptly?

1. AMild tiredness in the afternoon
2. BMild hot flushes, especially at night, in the first months
3. CSlightly dry skin
4. DUnusual vaginal bleeding or a painful swollen leg

Which teaching about zolpidem is correct?

1. ATake it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
2. BTake it in the morning so that it is out of the system by night
3. CDrive soon after waking, as the drug has no next-day effect
4. DTake it with alcohol to make it act faster

A patient with severe liver cirrhosis needs a benzodiazepine for alcohol withdrawal. Why is lorazepam often chosen instead of diazepam?

1. ALorazepam is a stronger anticonvulsant than all other benzodiazepines
2. BLorazepam is excreted unchanged in the urine without any metabolism
3. CLorazepam is cleared by simple conjugation and has no active metabolites
4. DLorazepam does not cause sedation in liver disease

Beta-lactam antibiotics show time-dependent killing. What does this mean for administration?

1. AA single very large daily dose works best
2. BDoses should be given on time at evenly spaced intervals
3. CDoses can be given at any time as long as the daily total is right
4. DDoses should be given only when the patient has a fever