Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

  1. ARadial nerve
  2. BMedian nerve
  3. CUlnar nerve
  4. DMusculocutaneous nerve
2.Human anatomyHard

Which muscle "unlocks" the fully extended knee by rotating the femur laterally on the tibia at the start of flexion?

  1. ABiceps femoris
  2. BGastrocnemius
  3. CSartorius
  4. DPopliteus
3.Human physiologyMedium

Mean arterial pressure is approximately equal to:

  1. ACardiac output × total peripheral resistance
  2. BStroke volume × total peripheral vascular resistance
  3. CCardiac output ÷ heart rate
  4. DHeart rate × stroke volume
4.Human physiologyHard

In Graves' disease, what thyroid function results are expected and why?

  1. AHigh T4 and low TSH, because antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor
  2. BLow T4 and low TSH, because the hypothalamus fails
  3. CLow T4 and high TSH, because antibodies destroy the gland
  4. DHigh T4 and high TSH, because the anterior pituitary gland is overactive

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Median nerve

Why this is the answer

The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel under the flexor retinaculum; compression causes tingling in the thumb, index and middle fingers.

Answer

B · Median nerve
2.Human anatomy

Answer: D · Popliteus

Why this is the answer

At full extension the knee locks by medial rotation of the femur. Popliteus laterally rotates the femur on the fixed tibia to unlock it so flexion can begin.

Answer

D · Popliteus
3.Human physiology

Answer: A · Cardiac output × total peripheral resistance

Why this is the answer

Pressure = flow × resistance, so MAP ≈ CO × TPR. Changes in either cardiac output or vascular resistance change blood pressure.

Answer

A · Cardiac output × total peripheral resistance
4.Human physiology

Answer: A · High T4 and low TSH, because antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor

Why this is the answer

TSH-receptor antibodies stimulate the thyroid independently of TSH. The resulting high T4 and T3 suppress pituitary TSH by negative feedback.

Answer

A · High T4 and low TSH, because antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor

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