Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which artery supplies most of the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the front of the interventricular septum?

  1. ACircumflex artery
  2. BLeft anterior descending artery
  3. CPosterior descending artery
  4. DRight coronary artery
2.Human anatomyHard

A stroke affecting the left middle cerebral artery in a right-handed person most likely causes:

  1. ALeft-sided weakness and aphasia
  2. BRight-sided weakness and aphasia
  3. CIsolated loss of balance
  4. DRight-sided weakness and left visual neglect
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH?

  1. AAldosterone, as the main response
  2. BAdrenaline
  3. CThyroxine
  4. DCortisol
4.Human physiologyHard

Which adaptation develops over days to weeks at high altitude?

  1. AIncreased renal bicarbonate retention
  2. BHigher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells
  3. CA fall in haematocrit
  4. DLower ventilation to save oxygen

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Left anterior descending artery

Why this is the answer

The left anterior descending (anterior interventricular) artery supplies the anterior left ventricle and the anterior two thirds of the septum. Its blockage causes an anterior infarct.

Answer

B · Left anterior descending artery
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Right-sided weakness and aphasia

Why this is the answer

The left MCA supplies the left motor cortex (face and arm of the right side) and Broca's and Wernicke's areas, so right hemiparesis with aphasia is typical.

Answer

B · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
3.Human physiology

Answer: D · Cortisol

Why this is the answer

ACTH from the anterior pituitary stimulates cortisol release from the zona fasciculata. Adrenaline comes from the adrenal medulla.

Answer

D · Cortisol
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · Higher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells

Why this is the answer

Hypoxia stimulates EPO and red cell production, raising oxygen-carrying capacity. Hyperventilation causes alkalosis, which the kidneys compensate by excreting bicarbonate.

Answer

B · Higher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells

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