Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which artery supplies most of the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the front of the interventricular septum?

  1. APosterior descending artery
  2. BLeft anterior descending artery
  3. CCircumflex artery
  4. DRight coronary artery
2.Human anatomyHard

A pituitary tumour grows upwards and causes loss of both outer (temporal) halves of the visual field. Where is the visual pathway compressed?

  1. AOccipital cortex
  2. BOptic chiasm
  3. CLeft optic tract
  4. DRight optic nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which is a classic example of positive feedback in the body?

  1. AInsulin release after a meal
  2. BADH release when plasma osmolality rises
  3. COxytocin release during labour
  4. DSweating when body temperature rises
4.Human physiologyHard

Why is severe hyperkalaemia dangerous for the heart?

  1. AIt blocks the binding of calcium to troponin
  2. BIt hyperpolarises cardiac cells, so they can never fire
  3. CIt speeds up the SA node until tachycardia causes fainting
  4. DIt depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Left anterior descending artery

Why this is the answer

The left anterior descending (anterior interventricular) artery supplies the anterior left ventricle and the anterior two thirds of the septum. Its blockage causes an anterior infarct.

Answer

B · Left anterior descending artery
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Optic chiasm

Why this is the answer

Bitemporal hemianopia results from compression of the crossing nasal fibres at the optic chiasm, which lies directly above the pituitary gland.

Answer

B · Optic chiasm
3.Human physiology

Answer: C · Oxytocin release during labour

Why this is the answer

Stretch of the cervix releases oxytocin, which strengthens contractions and causes more stretch. The loop ends with delivery. The other examples are negative feedback.

Answer

C · Oxytocin release during labour
4.Human physiology

Answer: D · It depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias

Why this is the answer

High extracellular potassium makes the resting potential less negative. Many fast sodium channels then become inactivated, slowing conduction and risking fatal arrhythmias.

Answer

D · It depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias

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