1.Human anatomyMedium
Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
- APulmonary arteries
- BBronchial arteries
- CVenae cavae
- DPulmonary veins
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
Which muscle is the main flexor of the hip joint?
- AAdductor magnus
- BIliopsoas
- CGluteus maximus
- DBiceps femoris
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
- AParietal cells
- BG cells
- CGoblet cells
- DChief cells
4.Human physiologyHard
A patient's arterial blood gas shows pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 7.8 kPa (59 mmHg) and normal bicarbonate. What is the most likely disturbance?
- AMetabolic acidosis
- BRespiratory alkalosis
- CAcute respiratory acidosis
- DCompensated metabolic alkalosis
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Pulmonary veins
Why this is the answer
Four pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood into the left atrium. They are the main exception to the rule that veins carry deoxygenated blood.
Answer
D · Pulmonary veins
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Iliopsoas
Why this is the answer
Iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus) is the strongest hip flexor. Gluteus maximus extends the hip.
Answer
B · Iliopsoas
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Parietal cells
Why this is the answer
Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen and G cells secrete gastrin.
Answer
A · Parietal cells
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Acute respiratory acidosis
Why this is the answer
Low pH with high CO₂ points to a respiratory acidosis. Bicarbonate has not risen yet, so the kidneys have not compensated: it is acute.
Answer
C · Acute respiratory acidosis
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