Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which part of the stomach connects to the duodenum?

  1. ACardia
  2. BFundus
  3. CPylorus
  4. DBody
2.Human anatomyHard

What is the correct order of structures that urine passes through after leaving the collecting ducts?

  1. AMinor calyx, renal pelvis, major calyx, ureter
  2. BMinor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
  3. CMajor calyx, minor calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
  4. DRenal pelvis, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter
3.Human physiologyMedium

During contraction of a skeletal muscle sarcomere, which band stays the same length?

  1. AThe whole sarcomere
  2. BH zone
  3. CA band
  4. DI band
4.Human physiologyHard

After a head injury, a patient passes large volumes of very dilute urine and plasma sodium rises. What is the most likely cause?

  1. AExcess ADH release (SIADH)
  2. BLack of ADH release (cranial diabetes insipidus)
  3. CUncontrolled diabetes mellitus
  4. DExcess aldosterone

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Pylorus

Why this is the answer

The pylorus is the distal stomach. Its pyloric sphincter regulates the passage of chyme into the duodenum.

Answer

C · Pylorus
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter

Why this is the answer

Collecting ducts open at the renal papillae into minor calyces, which join to form major calyces, which empty into the renal pelvis and then the ureter.

Answer

B · Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
3.Human physiology

Answer: C · A band

Why this is the answer

In the sliding filament model, filaments slide past each other without shortening. The A band (myosin length) stays the same while the I band and H zone shorten.

Answer

C · A band
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · Lack of ADH release (cranial diabetes insipidus)

Why this is the answer

Without ADH the collecting ducts stay impermeable to water, so dilute urine is produced and the patient loses free water, raising plasma sodium.

Answer

B · Lack of ADH release (cranial diabetes insipidus)

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