Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

New problemsBack to the course

In the print window, choose “Save as PDF” to keep a copy on your device.

1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which is the largest nerve in the human body?

  1. AFemoral nerve
  2. BVagus nerve
  3. CSciatic nerve
  4. DMedian nerve
2.Human anatomyHard

A footballer takes a blow to the outside of the planted knee. Which combination of injuries is classically called the "unhappy triad"?

  1. AMedial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament and patella
  2. BAnterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
  3. CPosterior cruciate ligament, lateral collateral ligament and lateral meniscus
  4. DAnterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament and patellar ligament
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney?

  1. AAntidiuretic hormone (ADH)
  2. BAtrial natriuretic peptide
  3. CAldosterone
  4. DParathyroid hormone
4.Human physiologyHard

A patient has taken high-dose prednisolone for a year. What is the state of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis?

  1. AACTH is high and the adrenal cortex is enlarged
  2. BACTH is suppressed and the adrenal cortex has atrophied
  3. CThe adrenal medulla has stopped making adrenaline and noradrenaline
  4. DACTH is normal and cortisol production is increased

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Sciatic nerve

Why this is the answer

The sciatic nerve (L4–S3) leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and supplies the hamstrings and all the muscles below the knee. Skin on the inner side of the leg is supplied by the saphenous nerve instead.

Answer

C · Sciatic nerve
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus

Why this is the answer

A valgus force with rotation tears the MCL, the ACL and the medial meniscus, which is firmly attached to the MCL.

Answer

B · Anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
3.Human physiology

Answer: A · Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Why this is the answer

ADH (vasopressin) from the posterior pituitary inserts aquaporin-2 channels, making the collecting duct permeable to water and concentrating the urine.

Answer

A · Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · ACTH is suppressed and the adrenal cortex has atrophied

Why this is the answer

Exogenous glucocorticoid suppresses CRH and ACTH, so the adrenal cortex atrophies. Stopping the drug suddenly can cause an adrenal crisis, so it is tapered.

Answer

B · ACTH is suppressed and the adrenal cortex has atrophied

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/anatomy-and-physiology