1.Human anatomyMedium
Which two regions of the adult spine normally show a lordosis (curve concave towards the back)?
- ACervical and thoracic
- BCervical and lumbar
- CThoracic and sacral
- DThoracic and lumbar
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
Which structure passes through the inguinal canal in males?
- AFemoral artery
- BObturator nerve
- CGreat saphenous vein
- DSpermatic cord
3.Human physiologyMedium
Low plasma albumin, as in severe liver disease, causes oedema mainly because:
- ALymphatic drainage increases
- BCapillary hydrostatic pressure falls
- CThe capillaries become impermeable
- DPlasma oncotic pressure falls
4.Human physiologyHard
A patient hyperventilating during a panic attack has tingling fingers. What would the arterial blood gas most likely show?
- ALow pH and low bicarbonate
- BHigh pH and high bicarbonate
- CLow pH and high PaCO₂
- DHigh pH and low PaCO₂
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Cervical and lumbar
Why this is the answer
The cervical and lumbar regions are lordotic (secondary curves). The thoracic and sacral regions are kyphotic (primary curves).
Answer
B · Cervical and lumbar
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Spermatic cord
Why this is the answer
The inguinal canal carries the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament in females. The femoral vessels pass below the inguinal ligament instead.
Answer
D · Spermatic cord
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
Why this is the answer
Albumin generates most of the plasma oncotic pressure that pulls fluid back into capillaries. When it falls, more fluid stays in the tissues.
Answer
D · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · High pH and low PaCO₂
Why this is the answer
Hyperventilation blows off CO₂ and causes acute respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis increases calcium binding to albumin, lowering ionised calcium and causing tingling.
Answer
D · High pH and low PaCO₂
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