Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Where does fertilisation most commonly take place?

  1. AOvary
  2. BAmpulla of the uterine tube
  3. CBody of the uterus
  4. DCervix
2.Human anatomyHard

In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. What does it become after birth?

  1. ALigamentum teres
  2. BFossa ovalis
  3. CLigamentum arteriosum
  4. DLigamentum venosum
3.Human physiologyMedium

What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?

  1. AAtrial repolarisation
  2. BVentricular depolarisation
  3. CAtrial depolarisation
  4. DVentricular repolarisation
4.Human physiologyHard

Why does a deep sea diver risk decompression sickness when surfacing quickly?

  1. ACarbon dioxide cannot leave the lungs fast enough
  2. BNitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
  3. CThe lungs collapse when the pressure falls
  4. DOxygen becomes toxic at the surface

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Ampulla of the uterine tube

Why this is the answer

Fertilisation usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine (fallopian) tube. The embryo then travels to the uterus to implant.

Answer

B · Ampulla of the uterine tube
2.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Ligamentum arteriosum

Why this is the answer

The ductus arteriosus closes after birth and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis and the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.

Answer

C · Ligamentum arteriosum
3.Human physiology

Answer: B · Ventricular depolarisation

Why this is the answer

The P wave is atrial depolarisation, the QRS complex ventricular depolarisation and the T wave ventricular repolarisation. Atrial repolarisation is hidden in the QRS.

Answer

B · Ventricular depolarisation
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls

Why this is the answer

At depth more nitrogen dissolves in the tissues. If pressure falls too fast it comes out of solution as bubbles in tissues and blood, causing "the bends".

Answer

B · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls

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