1.Human anatomyMedium
The head of the femur articulates with which structure?
- AObturator foramen
- BGlenoid cavity
- CAcetabulum
- DGreater trochanter
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
An indirect inguinal hernia enters the inguinal canal at which point?
- ABelow the inguinal ligament, through the femoral canal
- BThrough the posterior wall of the canal, medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
- CThrough the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
- DThrough the superficial ring only, without entering the canal
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main function of pulmonary surfactant?
- ATo carry oxygen across the alveolar wall
- BTo kill bacteria in the airways
- CTo trap dust in the bronchi
- DTo reduce surface tension in the alveoli
4.Human physiologyHard
Why is severe hyperkalaemia dangerous for the heart?
- AIt hyperpolarises cardiac cells, so they can never fire
- BIt blocks the binding of calcium to troponin
- CIt speeds up the SA node until tachycardia causes fainting
- DIt depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Acetabulum
Why this is the answer
The acetabulum is the cup-shaped socket of the hip bone, formed by the ilium, ischium and pubis. The glenoid cavity is the shoulder's socket.
Answer
C · Acetabulum
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Through the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
Why this is the answer
An indirect hernia passes through the deep ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, and runs along the canal. A direct hernia pushes through the posterior wall medial to them.
Answer
C · Through the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · To reduce surface tension in the alveoli
Why this is the answer
Surfactant, made by type II alveolar cells, lowers surface tension so alveoli do not collapse and the lungs are easier to inflate.
Answer
D · To reduce surface tension in the alveoli
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · It depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias
Why this is the answer
High extracellular potassium makes the resting potential less negative. Many fast sodium channels then become inactivated, slowing conduction and risking fatal arrhythmias.
Answer
D · It depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias
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