1.Human anatomyMedium
Which nerve supplies the diaphragm?
- AAccessory nerve
- BPhrenic nerve
- CVagus nerve
- DIntercostal nerves
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
When a patient stands on the right leg only, the left side of the pelvis drops (positive Trendelenburg sign). Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- ARight inferior gluteal nerve
- BLeft superior gluteal nerve
- CRight superior gluteal nerve
- DRight femoral nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Where is the heart's natural pacemaker?
- ABundle of His
- BAtrioventricular node
- CSinoatrial node
- DPurkinje fibres
4.Human physiologyHard
A healthy person stands up quickly after lying down. Which reflex response prevents fainting?
- AADH release immediately doubles blood volume
- BThe chemoreceptor reflex raises breathing rate and arterial oxygen levels
- CThe baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
- DThe Bainbridge reflex lowers heart rate
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Phrenic nerve
Why this is the answer
The phrenic nerve (roots C3–C5) is the motor supply to the diaphragm. High cervical cord injury above C3 therefore stops spontaneous breathing.
Answer
B · Phrenic nerve
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Right superior gluteal nerve
Why this is the answer
The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus. If those of the standing (right) leg are weak, the pelvis sags on the opposite, unsupported side.
Answer
C · Right superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Sinoatrial node
Why this is the answer
The SA node depolarises spontaneously at the fastest rate and sets the heart rhythm. The AV node delays the impulse before it spreads to the ventricles.
Answer
C · Sinoatrial node
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
Why this is the answer
Blood pools in the legs and pressure falls; baroreceptors fire less, which increases sympathetic and decreases vagal activity within seconds, raising heart rate and vascular tone.
Answer
C · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/anatomy-and-physiology