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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How can a nursing assistant help a new resident feel welcome on admission?
ATell her the rules and leave quickly
BLeave the resident alone for the whole first day so she can adjust
CIntroduce themselves and show the room, call light and bathroom
DUnpack and rearrange her belongings without asking
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with severe arthritis knows when she needs to urinate but often wets herself because she cannot reach the bathroom in time. Which approach helps most?
AAnswer her call quickly and keep a commode within reach
BTell her to wait for the scheduled toileting round
CLimit her fluids to one glass a day
DPut her in an incontinence brief and change it once a shift
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A weight conversion gives 111.8320 kg. The rule in this exercise is that weights are rounded to the nearest tenth of a kilogram. What value x do you record?
111.8320 kg
x = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 18:40 and finishes at 06:15 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
18:4006:15
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Introduce themselves and show the room, call light and bathroom
Why this is the answer
A warm welcome, introductions and showing the resident how things work, especially the call light, ease fear and help the resident feel safe. Belongings are handled with the resident's permission.
Answer
C · Introduce themselves and show the room, call light and bathroom
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Answer her call quickly and keep a commode within reach
Why this is the answer
This is functional incontinence: the bladder works but a physical or mental limitation stops the resident from reaching the toilet in time. Prompt help, easy-to-remove clothing and a nearby commode or urinal reduce accidents.
Answer
A · Answer her call quickly and keep a commode within reach
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 111.8 kg
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the tenths place
111.8320 → 8
Only the next digit decides
111.8320 → 3
3 is 4 or less, so 8 stays.
The digits after it (2) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 111.8 kg
Answer
x = 111.8 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 695 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
18:40 → 24:00 = 320 min
After midnight
00:00 → 06:15 = 375 min
Total
t = 320 + 375 = 695 min
Answer
t = 695 min
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