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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Before a nursing assistant helps a resident with one-sided weakness move from the bed to a wheelchair, where is the wheelchair placed?
ANext to the bed on the resident's weaker side, with the brakes locked
BOn the stronger side, next to the bed, brakes locked
CBehind the resident, so they can sit back into it
DOn the stronger side, with the brakes off so it can be adjusted
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant finds a pill on the floor of a resident's room. What should the nursing assistant do?
AGive it to the nurse and say where it was found
BPut it in the resident's drawer for later
CGive it to the resident with a glass of water
DThrow it in the trash can
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 150 cm tall. Using 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in inches. Round to one decimal place.
150 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 23:10 and finishes at 03:25 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many hours t did it run? Give the answer in hours as a decimal, rounded to two decimal places.
23:1003:25
t = h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · On the stronger side, next to the bed, brakes locked
Why this is the answer
The chair goes on the stronger side so the resident can stand and pivot on the strong leg. The brakes are locked, the footrests moved out of the way and the resident wears non-slip footwear and a gait belt.
Answer
B · On the stronger side, next to the bed, brakes locked
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Give it to the nurse and say where it was found
Why this is the answer
A pill on the floor may mean a dose was missed or dropped. The nurse needs to know in order to check which medicine it is and what to do. Nursing assistants do not give or throw away medicines.
Answer
A · Give it to the nurse and say where it was found
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 59.1 in
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Centimetres to inches
h = 150/2.54 = 59.06 ≈ 59.1 in
Answer
h = 59.1 in
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 4.25 h
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
23:10 → 24:00 = 50 min
After midnight
00:00 → 03:25 = 205 min
Total
50 + 205 = 255 min
t = 255/60 = 4.25 h
Answer
t = 4.25 h
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