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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How many staff are usually needed to use a mechanical (full-body) lift?
AOne, because the machine does the lifting
BAt least two, according to facility policy
CThree or four, one for each corner of the sling
DOnly one, as long as the resident is light
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident with arthritis is slow to button his shirt but wants to do it himself. The nursing assistant is running late. What should the nursing assistant do?
AAllow him time and encourage him to finish it himself
BTell him to wear a shirt without buttons from now on
CLeave him alone and come back after lunch
DButton the shirt for him to save time
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 5:10 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
5:10 PM
118:10
216:10
305:10
417:10
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A maintenance infusion runs at 25 mL/h without a break. How many litres V does it deliver in 24 hours?
25 mL/h24 h
V = L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · At least two, according to facility policy
Why this is the answer
Most facilities require at least two trained staff to use a mechanical lift: one to operate it and one to guide the resident and keep them safe. The nursing assistant follows facility policy and the care plan.
Answer
B · At least two, according to facility policy
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Allow him time and encourage him to finish it himself
Why this is the answer
Encouraging residents to do as much as they can for themselves maintains strength, dignity and independence. Doing tasks for them because it is faster can lead to loss of abilities and self-esteem.
Answer
A · Allow him time and encourage him to finish it himself
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 17:10
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
5 PM → 5 + 12 = 17
Answer
17:10
Answer
17:10
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 0.6 L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume in a day
25 mL/h × 24 h = 600 mL
In litres
V = 600/1000 = 0.6 L
Answer
V = 0.6 L
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