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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When taking a tympanic (ear) temperature on an adult, how is the outer ear pulled?
ADown and back
BStraight down
CForward toward the face
DUp and back
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident wants to keep a small amount of money in her room. What should the nursing assistant do?
APut the money in her drawer and tell her family
BTake the money to the nurses' station without asking her, to keep it safe
CRespect her choice and tell the nurse so it is recorded and kept safe
DTell her that residents may not have any money
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 100.3 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
100.3 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 2 tsp of an oral suspension every 8 hours for 14 days. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
2 tspevery 8 hours14 days1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Up and back
Why this is the answer
For adults, the outer ear is gently pulled up and back to straighten the ear canal so the probe points toward the eardrum. (For young children it is pulled down and back.)
Answer
D · Up and back
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Respect her choice and tell the nurse so it is recorded and kept safe
Why this is the answer
Residents may manage their own personal funds. The nursing assistant respects this and informs the nurse so that the money can be listed and stored safely, for example in a locked drawer.
Answer
C · Respect her choice and tell the nurse so it is recorded and kept safe
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 37.9 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
100.3 − 32 = 68.3
Multiply by 5/9
T = 68.3·5/9 = 37.94 ≈ 37.9 °C
Answer
T = 37.9 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 420 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
2 tsp = 2·5 = 10 mL
Whole course
V = 10 mL × 3/day × 14 = 420 mL
Answer
V = 420 mL
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