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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
How are a resident's eyeglasses usually cleaned?
AWith water or lens cleaner and a soft cloth
BRubbed with a dry paper towel from the dispenser
CWith hot water and a scrub brush
DWith alcohol hand rub, then left to air-dry
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident complains to the nursing assistant that her meals always arrive cold. What should the nursing assistant do?
AListen, report it to the nurse and assure her she may complain without punishment
BTell her that all residents get cold food, so it is normal
CTell her that complaining may make the kitchen staff angry
DIgnore the complaint because meals are not part of the nursing assistant's job
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 3:40 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
3:40 PM
116:40
203:40
314:40
415:40
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A maintenance infusion runs at 150 mL/h without a break. How many litres V does it deliver in 24 hours?
150 mL/h24 h
V = L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · With water or lens cleaner and a soft cloth
Why this is the answer
Eyeglasses are cleaned with water or a lens cleaner and dried with a soft, lint-free cloth. Paper towels can scratch the lenses, and very hot water can damage some frames and lenses.
Answer
A · With water or lens cleaner and a soft cloth
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Listen, report it to the nurse and assure her she may complain without punishment
Why this is the answer
Residents have the right to make complaints without fear of retaliation and to have them addressed. The nursing assistant listens, reports the complaint and follows up so it can be fixed.
Answer
A · Listen, report it to the nurse and assure her she may complain without punishment
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 15:40
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
3 PM → 3 + 12 = 15
Answer
15:40
Answer
15:40
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 3.6 L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume in a day
150 mL/h × 24 h = 3600 mL
In litres
V = 3600/1000 = 3.6 L
Answer
V = 3.6 L
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