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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which environment is most likely to calm a resident with dementia?
AA new room each week so the resident does not get bored
BA quiet, familiar setting with a regular daily routine
CA changing schedule so each day is a surprise
DA busy room with music, television and many visitors
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident's weight this morning is 3 lb (about 1.4 kg) more than yesterday, and his ankles look swollen. What should the nursing assistant do?
ARaise his legs and leave it out of the report
BWeigh him again next week to see whether the trend continues
CLimit his drinks for the rest of the day without telling anyone
DReport the weight gain and the swelling to the nurse promptly
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 7:20 AM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
7:20 AM
108:20
219:20
307:20
406:20
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads ½ tbsp of an oral suspension every 8 hours for 7 days. The suspension comes in 100 mL bottles. Using 1 tbsp = 15 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
½ tbspevery 8 hours7 days100 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · A quiet, familiar setting with a regular daily routine
Why this is the answer
People with dementia cope best with a calm, familiar environment and a predictable routine. Noise, crowds and frequent change can cause confusion and agitation.
Answer
B · A quiet, familiar setting with a regular daily routine
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Report the weight gain and the swelling to the nurse promptly
Why this is the answer
A quick weight gain with swelling may mean fluid retention, for example in heart failure. It is reported to the nurse promptly. Changing the resident's fluids is not the nursing assistant's decision.
Answer
D · Report the weight gain and the swelling to the nurse promptly
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 07:20
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
7 AM → 07
Answer
07:20
Answer
07:20
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 2
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
7.5 mL × 3 × 7 = 157.5 mL
Bottles
157.5/100 = 1.575 → N = 2
Answer
N = 2
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