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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident is receiving oxygen through a nasal cannula. Which action is within the nursing assistant's role?
AChange the cannula to a mask if the resident prefers it
BRemove the cannula during meals without telling the nurse
CCheck for kinked tubing and sore skin behind the ears
DTurn up the flow rate when the resident is short of breath
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident complains that her roommate's television is loud at night and she cannot sleep. What should the nursing assistant do?
AMove her bed into the hallway for the night
BReport it and help find a solution that respects both residents
CUnplug the roommate's television while she is out of the room
DTell her to put up with it because it is a shared room
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 14:45 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
14:45
11:45 PM
22:45 PM
34:45 PM
42:45 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A maintenance infusion runs at 100 mL/h without a break. How many litres V does it deliver in 24 hours?
100 mL/h24 h
V = L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Check for kinked tubing and sore skin behind the ears
Why this is the answer
The nursing assistant keeps the tubing free of kinks, checks the skin behind the ears and nose and reports breathing problems. The flow rate and the delivery device are set by the nurse according to the order.
Answer
C · Check for kinked tubing and sore skin behind the ears
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Report it and help find a solution that respects both residents
Why this is the answer
Both residents have rights to comfort and to their own possessions. The nursing assistant reports the concern and helps find a fair solution, such as headphones, a lower volume or a set quiet time.
Answer
B · Report it and help find a solution that respects both residents
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 2:45 PM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
14 − 12 = 2 → PM
Answer
2:45 PM
Answer
2:45 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 2.4 L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume in a day
100 mL/h × 24 h = 2400 mL
In litres
V = 2400/1000 = 2.4 L
Answer
V = 2.4 L
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