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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When speaking with a resident who has dementia, which nonverbal approach helps?
ASpeaking while walking out of the room
BStanding over the resident with crossed arms
CApproaching from the front with eye contact and a calm tone
DApproaching quickly from behind so that care can start sooner
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A nursing assistant is asked to use a new type of mechanical lift that they have never been trained on. What should they do?
AAsk the resident to explain how the lift works
BTell the nurse they have not been trained and ask for training before using it
CTry it carefully, because the resident needs to get up
DRefuse and leave the resident in bed without saying why
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 166 cm tall. Using 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in inches. Round to one decimal place.
166 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1 tbsp of an oral suspension every 8 hours for 7 days. The suspension comes in 150 mL bottles. Using 1 tbsp = 15 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
1 tbspevery 8 hours7 days150 mL1 tbsp = 15 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Approaching from the front with eye contact and a calm tone
Why this is the answer
Approaching from the front, at eye level, with a calm voice and relaxed body language reduces fear and helps the resident with dementia focus. Being startled can trigger agitation.
Answer
C · Approaching from the front with eye contact and a calm tone
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Tell the nurse they have not been trained and ask for training before using it
Why this is the answer
Using equipment without training can injure the resident and staff. The nursing assistant explains this honestly and asks for training or supervision. Simply refusing without explanation leaves the resident without care.
Answer
B · Tell the nurse they have not been trained and ask for training before using it
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 65.4 in
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Centimetres to inches
h = 166/2.54 = 65.35 ≈ 65.4 in
Answer
h = 65.4 in
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 3
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
15 mL × 3 × 7 = 315 mL
Bottles
315/150 = 2.1 → N = 3
Answer
N = 3
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