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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
In which position is a resident usually placed to receive an enema?
AProne (on the stomach)
BHigh Fowler's position
CLeft Sims' (left side-lying) position
DRight side-lying with the legs straight
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident has severe osteoporosis. Which practice is most important during her care?
AEncourage her to lift heavy objects each day to build bone strength
BMove her quickly to finish care in less time
CMove and turn her gently, with enough help, to prevent fractures
DKeep her in bed at all times so her bones rest
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 35.4 °C. Convert it to degrees Fahrenheit T with °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Round to one decimal place.
35.4 °C
T = °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A maintenance infusion runs at 20 mL/h without a break. How many litres V does it deliver in 24 hours?
20 mL/h24 h
V = L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Left Sims' (left side-lying) position
Why this is the answer
The left Sims' position lets the enema solution flow by gravity into the rectum and the descending colon, which lie on the left side of the body.
Answer
C · Left Sims' (left side-lying) position
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Move and turn her gently, with enough help, to prevent fractures
Why this is the answer
Osteoporosis makes bones porous and fragile, so they can break with little force. Gentle handling, enough staff, lift sheets and fall prevention protect her. Activity as ordered still helps keep bones and muscles strong.
Answer
C · Move and turn her gently, with enough help, to prevent fractures
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 95.7 °F
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Multiply by 9/5
35.4·9/5 = 63.72
Add 32
T = 63.72 + 32 = 95.72 ≈ 95.7 °F
Answer
T = 95.7 °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 0.48 L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume in a day
20 mL/h × 24 h = 480 mL
In litres
V = 480/1000 = 0.48 L
Answer
V = 0.48 L
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