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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
For how long is an apical pulse counted?
A10 seconds, multiplied by 6
B15 seconds, multiplied by 4
C30 seconds, multiplied by 2
DOne full minute
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A married resident's wife visits, and the couple ask for some private time together. What should the nursing assistant do?
ALeave the door open so staff can watch from the hall
BTell them that private time is not allowed for residents in the facility
CStay in the room in case the resident needs help
DGive them privacy, such as closing the door, following facility policy
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 36.1 °C. Convert it to degrees Fahrenheit T with °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Round to one decimal place.
36.1 °C
T = °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1½ tsp of an oral suspension three times a day for 10 days. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
1½ tspthree times a day10 days1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · One full minute
Why this is the answer
The apical pulse is counted for one full minute with a stethoscope over the apex of the heart. Each "lub-dub" counts as one beat.
Answer
D · One full minute
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Give them privacy, such as closing the door, following facility policy
Why this is the answer
Residents have the right to private visits, including with a spouse. The nursing assistant provides privacy, for example by closing the door and using a privacy sign, while following facility policy.
Answer
D · Give them privacy, such as closing the door, following facility policy
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 97 °F
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Multiply by 9/5
36.1·9/5 = 64.98
Add 32
T = 64.98 + 32 = 96.98 ≈ 97 °F
Answer
T = 97 °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 225 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
1½ tsp = 1.5·5 = 7.5 mL
Whole course
V = 7.5 mL × 3/day × 10 = 225 mL
Answer
V = 225 mL
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