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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
For which resident is an oral temperature not appropriate?
AA resident who is unconscious
BA resident who walks with a cane
CA resident who wears reading glasses
DAn alert resident who last ate an hour ago
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident is confused, breathes through her mouth and has a history of seizures. Which temperature method is usually safest?
AAn oral digital thermometer held in the teeth
BAn oral glass thermometer under the tongue
CA tympanic (ear) or temporal artery thermometer
DSkipping her temperature for the whole day
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 11:05 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
11:05
111:05 PM
21:05 AM
311:05 AM
410:05 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1 tbsp of an oral suspension twice a day for 7 days. Using 1 tbsp = 15 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
1 tbsptwice a day7 days1 tbsp = 15 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · A resident who is unconscious
Why this is the answer
Oral temperatures are not taken on residents who are unconscious, confused, having seizures, receiving oxygen by mask or who have mouth injuries. Another site, such as the ear or temporal artery, is used instead.
Answer
A · A resident who is unconscious
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · A tympanic (ear) or temporal artery thermometer
Why this is the answer
For a confused resident with seizures and mouth breathing, an oral thermometer is unsafe and inaccurate. An ear or temporal artery thermometer is safe and quick, as allowed by facility policy.
Answer
C · A tympanic (ear) or temporal artery thermometer
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 11:05 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
11 → 11 AM
Answer
11:05 AM
Answer
11:05 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 210 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
1 tbsp = 1·15 = 15 mL
Whole course
V = 15 mL × 2/day × 7 = 210 mL
Answer
V = 210 mL
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