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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
When can raised side rails count as a restraint?
AOnly if the rails are padded
BWhen they keep a resident from getting out of bed freely
CNever, because side rails are part of the bed
DOnly during the night shift
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident lying in bed begins to vomit. What should the nursing assistant do first?
AGive the resident a large glass of water
BLeave the room to get clean linen from the supply room first
CTurn the resident's head to the side or help them sit up
DLay the resident flat on the back
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 10:55 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
10:55 PM
123:55
221:55
322:55
410:55
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 3 mg/h. Express this dose rate D in mcg/min. Round to one decimal place.
3 mg/h1 mg = 1000 mcg1 h = 60 min
D = mcg/min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · When they keep a resident from getting out of bed freely
Why this is the answer
Side rails that stop a resident from leaving the bed as they wish restrict freedom of movement and are treated as a restraint. They are used only as the care plan directs.
Answer
B · When they keep a resident from getting out of bed freely
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Turn the resident's head to the side or help them sit up
Why this is the answer
Turning the head to the side, or sitting the resident up, lets vomit drain out and prevents aspiration. The nursing assistant gets help with the call light, gives an emesis basin, and later reports the amount and appearance.
Answer
C · Turn the resident's head to the side or help them sit up
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 22:55
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
10 PM → 10 + 12 = 22
Answer
22:55
Answer
22:55
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 50 mcg/min
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 3 mg/h × (1000 mcg/1 mg) × (1 h/60 min)
Calculate
D = 3000/60 = 50 mcg/min
Answer
D = 50 mcg/min
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