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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which device helps a resident with a weak grip eat independently?
AUtensils with built-up, large handles
BVery thin, lightweight plastic forks
CA drinking straw only
DA blindfold to improve focus
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident's son brings in fried chicken for his mother, who is on a mechanical soft diet. What should the nursing assistant do?
ALet her eat the chicken, but only half of the portion
BLet her eat it, because her family knows her likes and needs best
CThrow the food away while he is not looking
DThank him, and check her diet with the nurse before she eats it
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 183 cm tall. Using 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in inches. Round to one decimal place.
183 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion delivers 5 mg/h. Express this dose rate D in mcg/min. Round to one decimal place.
5 mg/h1 mg = 1000 mcg1 h = 60 min
D = mcg/min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Utensils with built-up, large handles
Why this is the answer
Built-up or padded handles are easier to grasp for residents with arthritis or weakness. Other aids include plate guards, scoop dishes and cups with handles. The occupational therapist often recommends them.
Answer
A · Utensils with built-up, large handles
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Thank him, and check her diet with the nurse before she eats it
Why this is the answer
Food from outside must fit the resident's ordered diet. The nursing assistant politely explains and involves the nurse, who can talk with the family about safe options. Throwing the food away disrespects the family and the resident's property.
Answer
D · Thank him, and check her diet with the nurse before she eats it
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 72 in
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Centimetres to inches
h = 183/2.54 = 72.05 ≈ 72 in
Answer
h = 72 in
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: D = 83.3 mcg/min
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Set up the chain
D = 5 mg/h × (1000 mcg/1 mg) × (1 h/60 min)
Calculate
D = 5000/60 = 83.33 ≈ 83.3 mcg/min
Answer
D = 83.3 mcg/min
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