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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident who is walking with a nursing assistant starts to fall. What should the nursing assistant do?
ALet go and step back to avoid being injured
BTry to hold the resident upright at all costs
CGrab the resident under the arms and quickly lift them back to standing
DWiden the stance, hold the gait belt and ease them to the floor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
While a resident is being turned, his indwelling urinary catheter accidentally comes out. What should the nursing assistant do?
ATape the catheter to his leg so it looks in place
BPut the catheter back in carefully
CMake him comfortable and tell the nurse right away
DLeave it out and mention it at the end of the shift
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 11:15 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
11:15
111:15 PM
210:15 AM
311:15 AM
41:15 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 22:10 and finishes at 01:50 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many hours t did it run? Give the answer in hours as a decimal, rounded to two decimal places.
22:1001:50
t = h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Widen the stance, hold the gait belt and ease them to the floor
Why this is the answer
Pull the resident close using the gait belt, let them slide down along your leg and protect the head. Then stay with the resident, call for the nurse and do not move them until the nurse has checked them.
Answer
D · Widen the stance, hold the gait belt and ease them to the floor
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Make him comfortable and tell the nurse right away
Why this is the answer
A catheter that comes out can injure the urethra, and the resident may need a new one. The nursing assistant reports it immediately and keeps the resident clean and comfortable. Only licensed staff insert catheters.
Answer
C · Make him comfortable and tell the nurse right away
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 11:15 AM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
11 → 11 AM
Answer
11:15 AM
Answer
11:15 AM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 3.67 h
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
22:10 → 24:00 = 110 min
After midnight
00:00 → 01:50 = 110 min
Total
110 + 110 = 220 min
t = 220/60 = 3.667 ≈ 3.67 h
Answer
t = 3.67 h
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