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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident speaks only Spanish, and the nursing assistant speaks only English. What is the best way to communicate important information?
AAsk the nurse to arrange a trained interpreter
BAsk the resident's 9-year-old grandchild to translate
CSpeak English louder and more slowly
DAvoid talking to the resident as much as possible
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
While being fed, a resident coughs after each sip and his voice sounds wet and gurgly. What should the nursing assistant do?
AStop feeding, keep him upright and report it to the nurse
BSpeed up the feeding so the meal is over before he tires out
CGive more fluid to wash the food down
DLower the head of the bed so he can rest
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 7:55 PM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
7:55 PM
119:55
207:55
320:55
418:55
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A maintenance infusion runs at 25 mL/h without a break. How many litres V does it deliver in 24 hours?
25 mL/h24 h
V = L
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Ask the nurse to arrange a trained interpreter
Why this is the answer
Trained interpreters give accurate, confidential communication. Children and untrained family members may make errors or be put in difficult positions. Gestures and picture boards can help with simple daily needs.
Answer
A · Ask the nurse to arrange a trained interpreter
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Stop feeding, keep him upright and report it to the nurse
Why this is the answer
Coughing and a wet voice during eating are signs of aspiration. The nursing assistant stops, keeps the resident sitting upright and reports to the nurse at once, who may need to assess swallowing.
Answer
A · Stop feeding, keep him upright and report it to the nurse
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 19:55
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
7 PM → 7 + 12 = 19
Answer
19:55
Answer
19:55
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 0.6 L
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume in a day
25 mL/h × 24 h = 600 mL
In litres
V = 600/1000 = 0.6 L
Answer
V = 0.6 L
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