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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
During perineal care, when should the nursing assistant change gloves?
AOnly if the resident asks the nursing assistant for new gloves
BOnly if the gloves tear during care
COnly at the very end of the shift
DBefore moving from the soiled area to a clean task
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident sitting up in bed keeps sliding toward the foot of the bed. What should the nursing assistant do?
APull her up by her arms on your own so she is not kept waiting
BLeave her where she is so she is not disturbed
CTie a sheet across her chest to keep her from sliding down again
DMove her up with a lift sheet and a helper, and check the care plan
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A weight conversion gives 62.0308 kg. The rule in this exercise is that weights are rounded to the nearest tenth of a kilogram. What value x do you record?
62.0308 kg
x = kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 21:50 and finishes at 07:55 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many minutes t did it run?
21:5007:55
t = min
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Before moving from the soiled area to a clean task
Why this is the answer
Gloves are changed when they become soiled and before touching clean areas, clean linen or supplies, with hand hygiene in between. This stops germs moving from the perineal area to other places.
Answer
D · Before moving from the soiled area to a clean task
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Move her up with a lift sheet and a helper, and check the care plan
Why this is the answer
Using a lift sheet with another staff member moves the resident without dragging her skin. The care plan guides the head-of-bed angle and positioning aids. Pulling by the arms can injure the shoulders, and tying her is a restraint.
Answer
D · Move her up with a lift sheet and a helper, and check the care plan
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: x = 62 kg
Rounding: look at the digit just after the place you round to: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less leaves the digit as it is. Round only the final answer, never the steps. Typical exam rules: volumes of 1 mL or more to the nearest tenth, volumes below 1 mL to the nearest hundredth, drip rates to whole drops and weights to one decimal place; always follow the rule the question states.
Digit in the tenths place
62.0308 → 0
Only the next digit decides
62.0308 → 3
3 is 4 or less, so 0 stays.
The digits after it (08) are ignored: round once, never step by step.
Round
x = 62 kg
Answer
x = 62 kg
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 605 min
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
21:50 → 24:00 = 130 min
After midnight
00:00 → 07:55 = 475 min
Total
t = 130 + 475 = 605 min
Answer
t = 605 min
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