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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Before turning a resident onto the side, why is the resident first moved toward the nursing assistant's side of the bed?
ASo that after turning, the resident lies near the middle of the bed
BSo that the nursing assistant does not need to use a lift sheet to turn
CSo that the resident can reach the call light more easily
DSo that the resident can see out of the window
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident who uses oxygen by nasal cannula has dry, cracked lips and asks for petroleum jelly. What should the nursing assistant do?
AApply petroleum jelly to the lips and nostrils to soothe the dryness
BTurn off the oxygen while applying the jelly
CTell the nurse and use a water-based lubricant if approved
DRemove the cannula for the rest of the day
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 198 cm tall. Using 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in inches. Round to one decimal place.
198 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads ½ tbsp of an oral suspension three times a day for 5 days. Using 1 tbsp = 15 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
½ tbspthree times a day5 days1 tbsp = 15 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · So that after turning, the resident lies near the middle of the bed
Why this is the answer
Moving the resident toward you first means that when they turn away from you onto their side, they end up in the center of the bed, not at the edge where they could fall.
Answer
A · So that after turning, the resident lies near the middle of the bed
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Tell the nurse and use a water-based lubricant if approved
Why this is the answer
Petroleum-based products can burn easily in an oxygen-rich area, so a water-based lubricant is used instead. Only the nurse changes or stops oxygen, so the nursing assistant never removes or turns it off.
Answer
C · Tell the nurse and use a water-based lubricant if approved
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 78 in
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Centimetres to inches
h = 198/2.54 = 77.95 ≈ 78 in
Answer
h = 78 in
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 112.5 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
½ tbsp = 0.5·15 = 7.5 mL
Whole course
V = 7.5 mL × 3/day × 5 = 112.5 mL
Answer
V = 112.5 mL
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