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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident says, "My stomach hurts." How should this be documented?
AAs "Resident has a stomach ulcer"
BIt should not be documented because it cannot be seen
CIn the resident's own words, in quotation marks
DAs "Resident is complaining again"
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A pulse oximeter on a resident with very cold fingers reads 84%. The resident is talking comfortably. What should the nursing assistant do?
AIgnore the reading because the machine must be broken by the cold
BTurn up the oxygen flow rate on the resident's oxygen
CRemove the resident's oxygen until the hands warm up
DReport the reading to the nurse and mention the cold fingers
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 6:55 AM. Which entry is the same time on the 24-hour clock? Click it.
6:55 AM
106:55
207:55
305:55
418:55
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1½ tsp of an oral suspension every 8 hours for 10 days. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many mL V are needed for the whole course?
1½ tspevery 8 hours10 days1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · In the resident's own words, in quotation marks
Why this is the answer
Subjective information is recorded in the resident's own words, using quotation marks. The nursing assistant does not add a diagnosis or opinion and reports the complaint to the nurse.
Answer
C · In the resident's own words, in quotation marks
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Report the reading to the nurse and mention the cold fingers
Why this is the answer
Cold fingers and poor circulation can give a falsely low reading, but the nursing assistant cannot be sure. They report the reading and the observation to the nurse. Only the nurse adjusts oxygen.
Answer
D · Report the reading to the nurse and mention the cold fingers
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 06:55
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
6 AM → 06
Answer
06:55
Answer
06:55
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: V = 225 mL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Volume per dose
1½ tsp = 1.5·5 = 7.5 mL
Whole course
V = 7.5 mL × 3/day × 10 = 225 mL
Answer
V = 225 mL
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