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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which is a good time-management habit for a nursing assistant?
ADoing the easiest tasks first, whatever their importance
BLeaving all documentation until the end of the week
CWaiting for the nurse to tell them each task one at a time during the shift
DPlanning the shift's tasks by priority at the start of the shift
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
During a transfer, a nursing assistant notices a small new skin tear on the resident's forearm. What should the nursing assistant do?
AReport it to the nurse and handle the arm more gently
BLeave it, because small skin tears heal on their own
CCover it with adhesive tape so the resident does not notice it
DMention it only if the family asks about it
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 4 ft 6 in tall. Using 1 ft = 12 in and 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in centimetres, to the nearest whole centimetre.
4 ft 6 in1 ft = 12 in1 in = 2.54 cm
h = cm
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion starts at 22:55 and finishes at 09:00 the next morning (24-hour clock). How many hours t did it run? Give the answer in hours as a decimal, rounded to two decimal places.
22:5509:00
t = h
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: D · Planning the shift's tasks by priority at the start of the shift
Why this is the answer
Reviewing the assignment and planning tasks by priority, while staying flexible for emergencies, helps nursing assistants give safe care on time. Documentation is done promptly after care.
Answer
D · Planning the shift's tasks by priority at the start of the shift
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Report it to the nurse and handle the arm more gently
Why this is the answer
Skin tears are injuries that are reported and documented, and the nurse decides how to treat them. Older skin is fragile: lift rather than drag, support the limbs and avoid adhesive tape on the skin.
Answer
A · Report it to the nurse and handle the arm more gently
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 137 cm
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Height in inches
4·12 + 6 = 54 in
Inches to centimetres
h = 54·2.54 = 137.2 ≈ 137 cm
Answer
h = 137 cm
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: t = 10.08 h
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Before midnight
22:55 → 24:00 = 65 min
After midnight
00:00 → 09:00 = 540 min
Total
65 + 540 = 605 min
t = 605/60 = 10.08 h
Answer
t = 10.08 h
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