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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Which way of speaking to an older resident shows respect?
ATalking about her with a coworker while she listens
BUsing a singsong voice as with a small child
CUsing the name the resident prefers, such as "Mr. Lee"
DCalling her "honey" or "sweetie"
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident tells the nursing assistant that, because of her religion, she does not eat pork. Her breakfast tray has pork sausage. What should be done?
ARemove the sausage and say nothing to anyone
BTell her to eat the eggs and simply leave the sausage on the plate
CGet a replacement and report it so her preference is recorded
DTell her that the menu cannot be changed for her
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 103.9 °F. Convert it to degrees Celsius T with °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Round to one decimal place.
103.9 °F
T = °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A haemoglobin result is 76 g/L. Express it in g/dL Hb.
76 g/L1 L = 10 dL
Hb = g/dL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Using the name the resident prefers, such as "Mr. Lee"
Why this is the answer
Respectful communication uses the resident's preferred name and an adult tone. Pet names and childlike speech ("elderspeak") are disrespectful, and talking about a resident in front of them ignores them as a person.
Answer
C · Using the name the resident prefers, such as "Mr. Lee"
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: C · Get a replacement and report it so her preference is recorded
Why this is the answer
Residents' religious and cultural food preferences are respected. The nursing assistant gets a suitable replacement and reports it so the diet card and kitchen records can be corrected.
Answer
C · Get a replacement and report it so her preference is recorded
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 39.9 °C
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Subtract 32
103.9 − 32 = 71.9
Multiply by 5/9
T = 71.9·5/9 = 39.94 ≈ 39.9 °C
Answer
T = 39.9 °C
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: Hb = 7.6 g/dL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Convert
Hb = 76 g/L × (1 L/10 dL) = 7.6 g/dL
Answer
Hb = 7.6 g/dL
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