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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
In a complete bed bath, which part of the body is usually washed first?
AThe eyes and face
BThe perineal area
CThe back
DThe feet
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
In a crowded elevator, two nursing assistants discuss a resident's diagnosis by name. What is the problem?
AThey are breaking confidentiality where others can hear
BNothing, because they are both on the care team
CThey should have used the resident's room number instead
DNothing, because no paper records were shown
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient is 5 ft 8 in tall. Using 1 ft = 12 in and 1 in = 2.54 cm, find the height h in centimetres, to the nearest whole centimetre.
5 ft 8 in1 ft = 12 in1 in = 2.54 cm
h = cm
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1 tsp of an oral suspension every 12 hours for 10 days. The suspension comes in 150 mL bottles. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
1 tspevery 12 hours10 days150 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · The eyes and face
Why this is the answer
A bed bath usually starts with the eyes and face, which are the cleanest areas, and ends with the perineal area. Water is changed whenever it becomes dirty, soapy or cool.
Answer
A · The eyes and face
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · They are breaking confidentiality where others can hear
Why this is the answer
Resident information is discussed only with team members who need it, in private places. Talking in public areas such as elevators, hallways or cafeterias can let visitors hear private information.
Answer
A · They are breaking confidentiality where others can hear
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: h = 173 cm
Household measures and weight: nursing exams use rounded equivalents: 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL = 3 tsp, 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 mL = 2 tbsp, and 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL. For weight, 1 kg = 2.2 lb and 1 lb = 16 oz; for length, 1 inch = 2.54 cm. Set the conversion up so that the unit you do not want cancels out.
Height in inches
5·12 + 8 = 68 in
Inches to centimetres
h = 68·2.54 = 172.7 ≈ 173 cm
Answer
h = 173 cm
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 1
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
5 mL × 2 × 10 = 100 mL
Bottles
100/150 = 0.6667 → N = 1
Answer
N = 1
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