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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
A resident is anxious before a medical test tomorrow. What is the best way for the nursing assistant to help?
AListen to her concerns calmly and tell the nurse about her worries
BExplain the test results that she is likely to receive
CTell her that she is being silly
DTell her there is nothing to worry about and change the subject
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A busy nurse asks the nursing assistant to give a resident the pills in a medicine cup. What should the nursing assistant do?
AGive the pills but not write anything down
BPolitely decline: giving medicines is outside their scope
CGive the pills, because the nurse is the supervisor
DGive the pills only if the resident clearly agrees to take them
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dose is charted at 22:45 (24-hour clock). Which entry is the same time on the 12-hour clock? Click it.
22:45
110:45 AM
212:45 PM
39:45 PM
410:45 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A prescription reads 1 tsp of an oral suspension four times a day for 10 days. The suspension comes in 150 mL bottles. Using 1 tsp = 5 mL, how many whole bottles N must be supplied so the course is complete?
1 tspfour times a day10 days150 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Listen to her concerns calmly and tell the nurse about her worries
Why this is the answer
Active listening and a calm presence ease anxiety. The nurse can answer questions about the test. False reassurance and dismissing the resident's feelings block communication.
Answer
A · Listen to her concerns calmly and tell the nurse about her worries
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Politely decline: giving medicines is outside their scope
Why this is the answer
Nursing assistants do not give medicines (unless they hold a separate medication aide qualification where the state allows it, which is not the case here). They politely refuse a task outside their scope, explain why and offer help with tasks they may do. Doing it anyway puts the resident at risk and the nursing assistant's certification in danger.
Answer
B · Politely decline: giving medicines is outside their scope
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: 10:45 PM
24-hour clock: from 1 PM onwards add 12 to the hour (3:45 PM = 15:45). Midnight to 12:59 AM is 00:00–00:59, and 12:00–12:59 PM stays 12:00–12:59. Going back, subtract 12 from hours 13–23 and add PM; hours 00 become 12 AM. Count time across midnight in two parts: up to 24:00 (00:00), then from 00:00 on.
Convert the hour
22 − 12 = 10 → PM
Answer
10:45 PM
Answer
10:45 PM
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: N = 2
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Total volume
5 mL × 4 × 10 = 200 mL
Bottles
200/150 = 1.333 → N = 2
Answer
N = 2
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