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1Formulas and methods
Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Method
Check whether the resident is in danger right now (not breathing, choking, a fall, chest pain, stroke signs); if so, keep them safe and get the nurse at once.
Ask whether the task is within the nursing assistant’s scope and training; if not, decline politely and tell the nurse.
Respect the resident’s rights: privacy, choice, refusal of care, dignity and freedom from abuse and unneeded restraints.
Apply the basic rules: hand hygiene, body mechanics, bed low and call light within reach, weak side first when dressing.
Observe and report: compare with the resident’s usual state and report changes promptly and objectively.
Nursing math & unit conversions
Metric steps
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg, 1 L = 1000 mL
Weight and length
1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 lb = 16 oz, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in
Household measures
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 8 fl oz = 240 mL
Write the given quantity with its unit and the unit you want.
Pick the equivalent: 1000 between kg, g, mg and mcg or L and mL; 1 kg = 2.2 lb; 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 fl oz = 30 mL, 1 cup = 240 mL.
Write it as a fraction so that the unwanted unit cancels; for a rate, use one fraction per unit that changes.
Check the direction: a smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Round only the final answer, to the precision the question names.
2Practice problems
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeMedium
Why might an infection be hard to notice in an older resident?
AOlder adults may have little fever and show confusion instead
BOlder adults have stronger immune systems than younger adults
COlder adults only get infections in the lungs
DInfections in older adults always cause a very high fever
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledgeHard
A resident says, "I'll tell you something, but you must promise not to tell anyone." What should the nursing assistant do?
ARefuse to listen to anything she says
BExplain they can't promise if it affects her health or safety
CPromise to keep the secret so that she feels safe enough to talk
DPromise, then tell the whole care team at lunch
3.Nursing math & unit conversionsMedium
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient’s temperature is 36.4 °C. Convert it to degrees Fahrenheit T with °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Round to one decimal place.
36.4 °C
T = °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversionsHard
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A serum creatinine result is 295 µmol/L. Using 1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L for creatinine, find c in mg/dL. Round to two decimal places.
295 µmol/L1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L
c = mg/dL
3Solutions
1.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: A · Older adults may have little fever and show confusion instead
Why this is the answer
With aging, the immune response is weaker, so an older resident may have a normal or only slightly raised temperature. New confusion, tiredness or poor appetite can be the first signs and should be reported.
Answer
A · Older adults may have little fever and show confusion instead
2.Nursing assistant (CNA) knowledge
Answer: B · Explain they can't promise if it affects her health or safety
Why this is the answer
Nursing assistants cannot keep secrets about health, safety or possible abuse. Being honest from the start keeps the resident's trust while allowing important information to be reported to the nurse.
Answer
B · Explain they can't promise if it affects her health or safety
3.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: T = 97.5 °F
Temperature: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 and °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Subtract 32 before you multiply when going from °F, and add 32 after you multiply when going from °C. A quick check: 37 °C is 98.6 °F, and every 1 °C is 1.8 °F.
Multiply by 9/5
36.4·9/5 = 65.52
Add 32
T = 65.52 + 32 = 97.52 ≈ 97.5 °F
Answer
T = 97.5 °F
4.Nursing math & unit conversions
Answer: c = 3.34 mg/dL
Dimensional analysis: write the given quantity, then multiply by conversion factors written as fractions (for example 60 min/1 h or 1 mg/1000 mcg) so that each unwanted unit appears once on top and once underneath and cancels. When only the wanted unit is left, calculate. Use the equivalents the question gives and round only the final answer.
Convert
c = 295/88.4 = 3.337 ≈ 3.34 mg/dL
Answer
c = 3.34 mg/dL
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